COMMON ELEMENTS

CETA includes the following elements that can be used individually or in combination to address behavioral and mental health problems in adults and youth.

 
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engagement & education

This element includes psychoeducation on typical behavioral and mental health-related problems and techniques (e.g., normalization of such feelings) to decrease stigma, increase treatment buy-in, and provide clients with information on how services can help them with their problems.

 
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Cognitive Coping & Restructuring (Think Differently)

There are some situations in life that we cannot change, but we can change how we think about the situation in order to feel better and not get “stuck” in unhelpful emotional and behavioral patterns. This element includes helping clients to change unhelpful thoughts (e.g., “Things will never get better”).

 
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BEHAVIORAL ACTIVATION

Often when people are in stressful situations, they stop taking care of themselves and stop engaging in enjoyable activities. This element includes helping clients change their daily behaviors in order to feel better.

 
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Confronting Fears & Trauma Memories

Many people experience very scary, dangerous events that result in memories that cause high distress (e.g., nightmares, flashbacks). This element includes helping clients think and talk about trauma memories with less distress.

 
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Safety Assessment & Planning

Many individuals have thoughts of hurting themselves/others and/or face unsafe situations in their homes or communities. This element includes assessing the severity of safety issues as well as safety planning to reduce the likelihood of harm.

 
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Substance Abuse Intervention

Using substances can negatively impact people’s functioning. This element includes the assessment of current substance use as well as helping the client learn strategies to meet their substance reduction goals.

 
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Problem-Solving

Problems can feel overwhelming and impossible to solve. This element helps clients to solve their problems, increases feelings of agency, and often decreases unhelpful emotions (e.g., frustration, sadness) around the situation.

 
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Anxiety Management

People sometimes fear things that are actually safe and may experience tension in the body when they are anxious. This element helps the client to gradually face the fear without anxiety and learn multiple techniques (e.g., deep breathing, imagery) to reduce tension.

 
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CAREGIVER SKILLS

Some children have behavioral problems. This element teaches caregivers different skills such as praise, consequences, special time/positive attention, selective attention, and many other behavioral management strategies.